Macronutrient Absorption

Reformatted questions, might help to try:

1. __________cells secrete gastrin, which stimulates ____________ and ____________cells. One of these cells produce __________ which causes enzymes in the mouth to denature. The other causes ____________to be secreted which is activated by HCL to produce ____________; this cause protein breakdown. The neck cells produce mucus so that the stomach doesn’t digest itself. Chyme leaves the stomach through the ______________.

2. Chyme enters the small intestine through the _____________. It stimulates the secretion of hormones ___________and _____________. These cells stimulate the ________________ to secrete pancreatic juice, which contains ______________and _______________. In addition these hormones stimulate the liver to secrete _______________to the gall bladder. The gall bladder then releases the ______.

3. ____________________(enzyme) begins the cascading effect which activates enzymes _____________and __________by cleaving off their ends. These enzymes help to _______________________________________________________________. (catabolize).

a. ________________breakdown proteins to __________and ____________.
b. ________________breakdown carbs to ______________and____________.
c. ________________helps pancreatic lipease cleave off _________and _________so there is _________________and __________________left.


4. ____________ secrete pepsinogen which is activated by HCl to produce _____________begins protein breakdown. In the small intestine enteropeptidase activates __________ by cleaving off its ends. This enzyme breaks down protein to _____________and ______________. In preparation for absorption, ____________cleave peptides to make individual amino acids and small peptides. During absorption, amino acids are absorbed by the ___________________and small peptide chains are absorbed by the ________________. Proteins are then transported as ____________to the _________________.
5. _________________begins carbohydrate digestion. Gastrin stimulates ______________and _____________cells. _______________causes stomach to produce HCL. This acidity causes enzymes ____________________and _______________to denature. In the small intestine, chyme enters the duodenum. Hormones ________________and _________are secreted.
What are the 3 main functions of these hormones?
____________________________, an enzyme from pancreatic juice, breaks down carbs to ______________and _________________. In preparation for absorption, ________________cleave disaccharides into __________________which are then taken into the enterocyte by ___________________ which is a/n (passive or active) absorption. From the enterocyte, GLUT2 transporter transports ______________to the capillaries. Once in the capillaries, they are transported to the liver through the __________vein.